Benchtop CNC

PANalytical introduced a new range of Epsilon 3 benchtop energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometers. Able to deliver accurate, precise, and reliable results across the periodic table, Epsilon 3 and Epsilon 3 XL versions match the analytical performance of larger, more powerful spectrometers, according to the company.

Light-element performance, full data traceability, and a variety of software options for standardless analysis, rapid identification fingerprinting, or regulatory compliance, characterize the range.

Epsilon 3 features a new high-performance ceramic tube that has been developed specifically for this system. In addition, the range utilizes the latest in silicon drift detector technology. Thin windows on both X-ray tube and detector enable light-element analysis down to fluorine. Sample preparation is straightforward and a variety of sample types can be measured including solids, pressed and loose powders, liquids, and filter samples weighing from a few grams to larger bulk samples.

SOURCE :  http://www.cnccncmachines.com

CNC Lathe C4S

Features
o AC servo motors
o High speed machining
o ISO Standard G & M Codes
o Graphic dry run
o User friendly programming
o Back lash free ball screws
o Hardened & ground bed ways

Tools & Accessories
o 4-pos servo Tool post
o 3-jaw chuck
o Face plate with slots
o Lighting attachment
o Steady rest & Follow rest
o Coolant system
o Lubrication system
o Machine Enclosure
o Service tool kit
o Operation Manual
o Programming Manual

Specifications
o Swing Over Bed : 365 mm
o Swing Over Cross slide : 250 mm
o Distance Between Centres : 700 mm
o X-Axis Travel : 165 mm
o Z-Axis Travel : 320 mm
o Axis max feed rate : 5 m/min
o Axis rapid traverse : 10 m/min
o Spindle Motor with Inverter : 3.7 Kw
o Axes Motors, X-axis : 4 Nm
Z- axis : 6 Nm
o 3-Jaw Chuck : 200 mm
o Spindle Nose : A1 - 5
o Spindle Taper : MT 5
o Auto Tool post, Tool size : 25x25
o Tailstock Taper : MT 4
o Spindle Bore : 35 mm
o Spindle Speed : 0-3000 rpm
o Machine Resolution : 0.001 mm
o Tail stock barrel dia. : 48 mm
o Tail stock barrel travel : 110 mm
o Machine Size mm : 1842x812x1576
o Machine Weight (Net) : 850Kgs

Source :  http://www.pmtfl.com

CNC Leaf late Milling LN2

Model: LN2 V06

• 3 Axes CNC Vertical Milling Machine
o X-Axis Travel. : 250 m
o Y-Axis Travel. : 150mm
o Z-Axis Travel without ATC : 235mm
o Working Table : 500x160
o Spindle Motor with Drive :0.75 kw/2..4Nm AC
o Axes Motors X.Y.Z : 2..4 Nm Servo Motor
o No: of T-Slot : 3
o Width of T-Slot : 10 mm
o Spindle Taper : ISO 30
o Spindle Speed : 0-2500 rpm
o Machine Resolution : 0.001 mm
o Machine Size : 1290x900x720
o Machine Weight (Net) : 165 Kgs.
o Machine cabinet Weight : 75 Kgs.
o Enclosure box weight : 105 Kgs.

   Programming language : ISO/FANUC Compatible

CNC Controller
Options available
Centroid M-39 Control
o PA 8000 L L Control

Equipments at Extra Cost
o 06 Pos. Auto Tool Changer (ATC)
o Additional Work Station with
CAD/CAM Software
o Collet holder with Set of Collets
o Drill Chucks
o Transition sleeve
o Set of Milling arbors
o Set of Milling cutter

Electrical Data
Main Supply :      380 Volt,50Hz

Source :  http://www.pmtfl.com

CNC Lathe C4N

Features
o AC servo motors
o High speed machining
o ISO Standard G & M Codes
o Graphic dry run
o User friendly programming
o Back lash free ball screws
o Hardened & ground bed ways


Tools & Accessories
o 4-pos servo Tool post
o 3-jaw chuck
o Face plate with slots
o Lighting attachment
o Steady rest & Follow rest
o Coolant system
o Lubrication system
o Machine Enclosure
o Service tool kit
o Operation Manual
o Programming Manual


Specifications
o Swing Over Bed :                                                 365 mm
o Swing Over Cross slide :                                       200 mm
o Distance Between Centres :                                   700 mm
o X-Axis Travel :                                                     150 mm
o Z-Axis Travel :                                                      624 mm
o Axis max feed rate :                                               5 m/min
o Axis rapid traverse :                                              10 m/min
o Spindle Motor with Inverter :                                 3.7 Kw
o Axes Motors,                                                       X-axis : 4 Nm
Z- axis :                                                                   6 Nm
o 3-Jaw Chuck :                                                      200 mm
o Spindle Nose :                                                      A1 - 5
o Spindle Taper :                                                      MT 5
o Auto Tool post, Tool size :                                     25x25
o Tailstock Taper :                                                    MT 4
o Spindle Bore :                                                       35 mm
o Spindle Speed :                                                    0-3000 rpm
o Machine Resolution :                                            0.001 mm
o Tail stock barrel dia. :                                           48 mm
o Tail stock barrel travel :                                        110 mm
o Machine Size mm :                                               1842x812x1576
o Machine Weight (Net) :                                         850Kgs

SOURCE :  http://www.pmtfl.com

CNC Machining Plastics Review

Machining plastics with manual or CNC controlled milling machines is effectively the same as machining ferrous or non-ferrous materials for the most part. However, though the technique and tools are similar, machining plastic is not the same as cutting metal. Moreover, cutting different plastic material can require different manufacturing cutting tools, cutting speeds and tool compensation to achieve desired surface roughness and tolerances. Engineering, design and manufacturing should investigate a particular plastics manufacturing characteristics before assigning tolerance or attempting to manufacture.

Most plastics and thermal plastics are physically affected by temperature and ambient humidity when machining. Skilled machinist and programmers can make a huge difference in getting one's part manufactured on time and dimensionally correct. Plastic materials can perform very differently when a machinist is removing material and may require experimentation by the machinist. Some plastics have a tendency to flow or stress relieve into different geoemtries long after the machining is completed . It is always a good ideal to retain the services of a machine shop that has experience machining the particular material you have specified. Additionally, it is also good practice to request design feedback from the desired machine shop regarding your mechanical tolerances, finishes and geometry stability following machining.

When issuing an RFQ (request for quote) be sure to include a request for alternative materials. Often manufacturing folks are well aware of alternative materials that other products or OEM's utilize. Keep in mind that the manufacturer will initially look at the over size of the part to estimate raw stock thickness and length requirements. Typically, metals are available by the pound, but plastics are sold by the sheet or round size. If your product overall length or width exceeds a smaller sized sheet or round, manufacturing will need to purchase the next larger size to manufacture your part. This could be a cost driver as the manufacturing organization will quote for the entire raw stock versus only the material that is actually used. Plastics materials whether raw or in a preformed shape can vary widely. Cost per square foot can vary from as low as $1 per square foot or $800 per square foot or more. Some exotic plastics material cost can almost be the exclusive cost driver on your part.

One machinability indicator of plastics, as well as the tolerance stability is available on the material specification or data sheets. The plastic's Durometer hardness value is a great way to estimate if your tolerances or finishes are achievable. The lower the reading the softer and more difficult a plastic is to machine and hold finish or tolerances because the material tends to be pushed by the cutting tool rather than cut free. Sometimes a manufacturer will freeze a plastic material to machine features with good surface roughness.

CNC 1440 Turning Center

CNC Masters 1440 CNC Lathe

The CNC Lathe that instantly converts back to all its original manual modes

Source : http//www.cncmaster.com

This CNC Lathe will instantly revert back to its manual capabilities eliminating the need to write a CNC program for short runs. Its advanced CNC capabilities can turn any complex turning application into a simple one that can be programmed and executed accurately many times over on production runs.

Improving production is critical to business growth and survival for companies limited on time and budgets. Having a turn-key solution that keeps the machining applications "in-house" instead of outsourcing and waiting for a turn-around time is critical for the growth of any company looking to get ahead of their competition while maintaining a high level of quality and keeping cost low. Most machinists love the idea of having the LOOK and FEEL of a manual lathe with CNC on it especially if it's turn-key, easy to learn, use, and most importantly they can begin turning their parts the same day the Lathe arrives at their shop. CNC Masters introduces its own brand of CNC lathe technology. The unique design of a conventional manual lathe with the power of automation technology through CNC allows any user to quickly machine their applications without advanced CNC training. Now the entrepeuner can turn his own prototypes in-house without having to give away his product idea to another shop. Now R & D lab scientists and engineers do not have to "wait" for their parts to complete their designs. Novices completely new to the lathe machine have the ability of manually learning the machine's ability while slowly easing into CNC mode of operation. Now the one-man machine shop overwhelmed with a thousand chamfering applications in his limited space can use the CNC MASTERS 1440 Lathe to create a small toolpath program to drive the X and Z axes many times over with the click of the pc mouse.

The CNC MASTERS 1440 CNC Lathe is a Gear Head mid-size turning center made for primary or secondary CNC machining applications. This 1440 lathe is intended for the user needing the ability and performance of a true CNC working lathe without taking up floor space like larger, expensive CNC machines which require highly skilled trained CNC machinists and service techinicians to tune and maintain the machine for you. The CNC MASTERS 1440 Lathe is a great purchase for manufacturing plants, machine shops, research institutions, colleges, universities, high schools, engineers who need to quickly prototype their parts, and one-man operations who need to turn hundreds of the same single part in their home garage-turned-shop. This 1440 CNC Lathe machine makes a great investment tool for business owners who would rather save money by turning/facing their own parts instead of outsourcing the order out. Because of its size, the CNC MASTERS 1440 Lathe can fit in areas where space is limited, yet can machine just about any application within 14” on the swing or 8" over the cross slide, and 34.50” on the carriage travel.

CNC 1340 Turning Center

CNC Masters 1340 CNC Lathe

The CNC Lathe that instantly converts back to all its original manual modes

This CNC Lathe will instantly revert back to its manual capabilities eliminating the need to write a CNC program for short runs. Its advanced CNC capabilities can turn any complex turning application into a simple one that can be programmed and executed accurately many times over on production runs.

 

mproving production is critical to business growth and survival for companies limited on time and budgets. Having a turn-key solution that keeps the machining applications "in-house" instead of outsourcing and waiting for a turn-around time is critical for the growth of any company looking to get ahead of their competition while maintaining a high level of quality and keeping cost low. Most machinists love the idea of having the LOOK and FEEL of a manual lathe with CNC on it especially if it's turn-key, easy to learn, use, and most importantly they can begin turning their parts the same day the Lathe arrives at their shop. CNC Masters introduces its own brand of CNC lathe technology. The unique design of a conventional manual lathe with the power of automation technology through CNC allows any user to quickly machine their applications without advanced CNC training. Now the entrepeuner can turn his own prototypes in-house without having to give away his product idea to another shop. Now R & D lab scientists and engineers do not have to "wait" for their parts to complete their designs. Novices completely new to the lathe machine have the ability of manually learning the machine's ability while slowly easing into CNC mode of operation. Now the one-man machine shop overwhelmed with a thousand chamfering applications in his limited space can use the CNC MASTERS 1340 Lathe to create a small toolpath program to drive the X and Z axes many times over with the click of the pc mouse.

The CNC MASTERS 1340 CNC Lathe is a Gear Head Bench Top mid-size turning center made for primary or secondary CNC machining applications. This 1340 lathe is intended for the user needing the ability and performance of a true CNC working lathe without taking up floor space like larger, expensive CNC machines which require highly skilled trained CNC machinists and service techinicians to tune and maintain the machine for you. The CNC MASTERS 1340 Lathe is a great purchase for small machine shops, research institutions, colleges, universities, high schools, engineers who need to quickly prototype their parts, and one-man operations who need to turn hundreds of the same single part in their home garage-turned-shop. This 1340 CNC Lathe machine makes a great investment tool for business owners who would rather save money by turning/facing their own parts instead of outsourcing the order out. Because of its size, the CNC MASTERS 1340 Lathe can fit in areas where space is limited, yet can machine just about any application within 13” on the swing or 8" over the cross slide, and 35.25” on the carriage travel.

Source : http://www.cncmaster.com

CNC MILLING: CNC SUPRA Mill

Turn-Key Operation for any beginner or experienced machinist who needs a user-friendly easy to use cnc control to begin cutting parts the same day it arrives.

The CNC SUPRA Vertical Knee Mill provides the strength and durability of a manual driven bridgeport-type vertical knee mill. The ingenuity of the CNC Supra Knee Mill can machine your intricate and detailed parts through automation technology while still giving you the option to manually machine your simple parts through the use of the axis' hand wheel. Improve your productivity with ease.

• Small companies: Why pay thousands for out-sourcing when you can machine your own parts at a fraction of the cost?
• Large companies: Why pay thousands for a CNC machine that come with all the extras bells and whistles to cut out a simple part day in and day out?

SAVE YOUR BUDGET, TIME, AND BEGIN CUTTING PARTS THE SAME DAY. The CNC SUPRA is made in the USA with parts made in the USA and abroad allowing us to bring the savings to you. We also build our controllers in-house in the USA so we'll never direct you to a third-party vendor for any support or troubleshooting needs you may have. THE CNC SUPRA IS TESTED FOR QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE IN-HOUSE IN AZUSA, CA USA

Complete 3 Axis CNC SUPRA (9x49) Mill ready to hook up to your PC for $9,498.00!

Whether you are an engineer looking for an economical way to prototype your mechanical design, or a CNC machine shop foreman looking for high powered tough and precision CNC Mill to mass-produce a single part, the CNC Supra Mill / CNC Vertical Knee Mill may be the solution you need. Whether you are a small or large manufacturer needing custom made parts for your products, the CNC Supra / CNC Vertical Knee Mill is a cost-effective machine that will instantly improve your productivity line by saving your tool path program to re-use as many times over to machine your part. The CNC Supra is also a versatile machine that can be used as a tool for product development, engraver, and teaching applications for vocation schools and science labs. Create simple and complex parts with ease. Check out our CNC Supra Knee Mill Prices. These two pictures below where given to us from GE Healthcare who purchased the CNC Supra Milling Machine for their various applications. See our testimonials for more great pics taken from our satisfied customers 

Source :  http://www.cncmasters.com

CNC Baron® Milling Machine

CNC MASTERS presents the ALL NEW CNC Baron to our line of CNC milling machines. It's specifically designed for the machinist who needs it all WITHOUT TAKING UP THE SPACE and BREAKING THE BANK. IT'S TURN-KEY, EASY TO LEARN, AND EASY TO OPERATE.

WE SUPPORT THE COMPLETE CNC Baron MILLING CENTER INCLUDING ITS OPERATIONAL SOFTWARE BY PHONE OR EMAIL.

The CNC Baron has a heavy-duty cast-iron body with dovetail ways on the square column for precise vertical alignment. It's a versatile bench top mid-size CNC mill made for primary or secondary CNC machining applications. This CNC machine is intended for the user WHO NEEDS IT ALL like the performance of a CNC Bridgeport-type size machine without taking up the floor space like larger CNC machinery. The CNC Baron Table Top Mill is a great purchase for machine shops, research institutions, colleges, universities, high schools, engineers who need to quickly prototype 3D parts, and one-man operations who need to mass produce hundreds of the same single part in their home garage-turned-shop. The CNC Baron Milling Machine makes a great investment tool for business owners who would rather save money by machining their own parts instead of contracting the order out. SAVE YOUR BUDGET, TIME, AND BEGIN CUTTING PARTS THE SAME DAY! The CNC Baron is made in the USA combining parts made in the USA and abroad allowing us to bring the savings to you. THE CNC BARON IS TESTED FOR QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE IN-HOUSE IN AZUSA, CA USA

Source : http"//www.cncmaster.com 

Reprap 3D Printer Unassembled Laser Cut Mendel Kit

Reprap 3D Printer Unassembled Laser Cut Mendel Kit

Price: $842.00

Includes all components to assemble one Laser Cut RepRap Mendel 3D Printer including: Electronics Kit with power supply which contains: 1- Arduino Style Mainboard ver 1- Extruder Controller ver 3- Stepper Controllers ver 1- USB to TTL Controller 3- Opto End Stops 1- 12v 5A Universal Power Supply 1- Cable Kit which includes: 10 conductor cable, 6 conductor cable, 3 conductor cable and 2 conductor cable, 6-10 pin connectors, 2- 6 pin connectors, 6-3 pin connectors, 4- 2 pin connectors and 20 board mounting feet Descriptions of Individual Boards RepRap Mainboard ver 1.2: Modified to make it smaller than the Makerbot version. It includes all the RepRap modifications :removing all the arduino headers,changing the SD slot to a Micro SD and soldering the Micro SD slot on the backside. RepRap Stepper Motor Controllers ver 2.3 are for the RepRap. It is physically smaller than the Makerbot version, but we primarily reduced the amount of empty space. RepRap Extruder Controller ver 2.2 . They are a smaller footprint than the typical RepRap extruder controller because we eliminated some of the empty space. USB to TTL Adapter . This the same chip as the one referred to on the RepRap website only it is already modified and wired for the RepRap. It replaces a USB to TTL cable for Makerbot as well. It is used to upload bootloader and firmware as well as operate the assembled 3D Printer Opto-End Stops These are sensors and are positioned at the minimum and/or maximum of the travel for each axis. A minimum of three is needed for the 3D printer to operate properly Additional Components needed: USB Cable Computer with Operating System Free Software from RepRap.org Filament

Reprap 3D Printer Unassembled Laser Cut Mendel Kit
Price: $842.00
Promotional price: $799.00 When a promotioinal code is used, this price will be shown in the shopping cart when you checkout.
Includes all components to assemble one Laser Cut RepRap Mendel 3D Printer including: Electronics Kit with power supply which contains: 1- Arduino Style Mainboard ver 1- Extruder Controller ver 3- Stepper Controllers ver 1- USB to TTL Controller 3- Opto End Stops 1- 12v 5A Universal Power Supply 1- Cable Kit which includes: 10 conductor cable, 6 conductor cable, 3 conductor cable and 2 conductor cable, 6-10 pin connectors, 2- 6 pin connectors, 6-3 pin connectors, 4- 2 pin connectors and 20 board mounting feet Descriptions of Individual Boards RepRap Mainboard ver 1.2: Modified to make it smaller than the Makerbot version. It includes all the RepRap modifications :removing all the arduino headers,changing the SD slot to a Micro SD and soldering the Micro SD slot on the backside. RepRap Stepper Motor Controllers ver 2.3 are for the RepRap. It is physically smaller than the Makerbot version, but we primarily reduced the amount of empty space. RepRap Extruder Controller ver 2.2 . They are a smaller footprint than the typical RepRap extruder controller because we eliminated some of the empty space. USB to TTL Adapter . This the same chip as the one referred to on the RepRap website only it is already modified and wired for the RepRap. It replaces a USB to TTL cable for Makerbot as well. It is used to upload bootloader and firmware as well as operate the assembled 3D Printer Opto-End Stops These are sensors and are positioned at the minimum and/or maximum of the travel for each axis. A minimum of three is needed for the 3D printer to operate properly Additional Components needed: USB Cable Computer with Operating System Free Software from RepRap.org Filament

Source :  http://www.techzonecom.com

PCNC 1100 Specifications

Personal CNC 1100 Specifications

Whether you’re in R&D, education, manufacturing, or simply have a great idea for a product, you need an affordable precision machine to make things happen. The PCNC 1100 Series II offers the serious machining capability, backed by industrial quality, which is so necessary to bring your ideas to life. With unprecedented affordability and value, the open architecture design combines cast iron construction with personal computer technology to address a wide variety of needs. At over 1100 lbs and with a 5000 RPM spindle, the PCNC 1100 is fully capable of cutting iron, steel, titanium, and even chromium alloys like 300 or 400 series stainless.

The machine’s design is focused on the needs of prototyping, R&D, and small shop operations. The open design is better suited to combined manual and automatic operations than an enclosed VMC (vertical machining center), yet when combined with the Tormach machine stand you still have good chip and coolant containment and a clean shop. By limiting rapid motion to less than 100 IPM the machine is not only lower in cost, but also safer to operate. By replacing a conventional ATC (automatic tool changer) with the quick change Tormach Tooling System, the machine is both easier to afford and easier to maintain. Tooling cost is significantly lower, yet the tool change time is still less than 30 seconds. The machine is built to industrial standards and perfectly suited to work cells in a lean manufacturing environment or dedicated secondary operations.
The PCNC 1100 is PC controlled, allowing your CAD and CAM software to coexist with the CNC control program. A single workstation takes your idea from concept to completion. Again, this reduces your machine cost and improves overall turnaround time. The control system uses standard industrial components and interfaces. This approach minimizes the initial cost, reduces maintenance cost, and virtually eliminates any risk of obsolescence. The combined effect gives you a highly reliable product with a low cost of ownership.

Tormach business practices further enhance the value offered. We sell our machines direct or through low overhead distributors. The machines are built to stock, not to order. We sell machines, stands, options, and accessories on an à la carte basis so you buy only what you need. You can use your own PC, or we can provide one. Machines include CNC control software with all functions, including 4th axis support. We do not charge extra for any control software feature or function. The straightforward machine design is supported with extensive technical documentation, telephone support, and warranty service on replacement parts.

To See Product Data Sheet Click here    Data Sheet PCNC 1100

Source : http://www.tormach.com

Facilities List

Product/Services Listings

Drill/Tap Centers

Vertical Machining Centers

Horizontal Machining Centers

Turning Centers

Source : http://www.cnc-technology.com 

A knowledge base and

The programming and fixture design management of CNC Technologies have honed their skills on the precision machining requirements for high-tech cast parts.
This background includes the exacting science and skill set required for the design and manufacturing of die cast tooling, as well as CNC machining of hundreds of every variety of castings and stock billet product. The differences between CNC machining from stock and the complex precision secondary machining of high-tech castings are major.
We apply this higher-level experience to all CNC preplanning and machining center fixture design--the critical stages in cost-effective CNC part production.
Our performance for our customers speaks for itself. An enviable record of defect-free machining production has eliminated all incoming part inspection for many of our customers. Based on our rigidly enforced QC procedures and ISO 9002 & 14001-compliant quality management, many of our customers utilize CNC Technologies for contract inspection services.
And our range of services includes complete turnkey product finishing, from protective coating to electroplating or painting, and product subassembly.

Source : http://www.cnc-technology.com

Capabilities you

If a CNC resource calls itself exceptional, you should expect operation of some of the most advanced CNC equipment available, maintained with a passion.
You should assume use of 3D-modeling software and advanced CAD/CAM programming, like that provided by the latest Unigraphics systems; computer-simulated machining runs with all fine tuning performed in advance of machining center downloading; the acceptance of file transfer data and media in virtually any format, for a paperless workflow.
You should expect experienced attention to the design of all machining fixtures to assure optimum CNC cycle times before the first workpiece is cut; in-house design and assembly of specialized CNC-controlled machining cells when a dedicated series of operations is the most cost-efficient production solution.
You should take for granted employment of leading-edge measurement equipment to maintain the highest throughput and adherence to exacting quality levels; skilled personnel, schooled in on-line SPC documentation and action, and cross-trained in the operation of a wide range of CNC workcenters for total production flexibility.

Precision components

CNC Technologies, Inc. is a state-of-the-art production resource carefully tuned to bring you all of the advantages of the incredible precision and speed possible with today's advanced CNC machining centers.
The highest level of expertise is applied to your project during every phase of the machining process, from your CAD file evaluation through fixture preplanning, machine programming and final operations.
Our commitment is to analyze early and thoroughly to optimize all that follows--delivering certified precision machined tolerances.
You'll find the flexibility to respond quickly to your needs, whether for volume CNC part production or for CNC machined prototypes for validation and final production by casting or other production processes. In prototype manufacture for casting, we have a very special performance record, one that can assure you of first-piece casting success. We can also provide FDM prototypes from your CAD files, when required.
CNC offers complete turnkey product finishing, from protective coating to painting, and product subassembly.
Our bottom-line promise is to optimize the technology to deliver parts to your precise specifications, in the shortest time, at lower costs per piece. We have been delivering on this promise for over 15 years.

Source : http://www.cnc-technology.com

CNC Linear Motion Systems

The linear motion system plays a vital role in any linear CNC machine, and CNC routers are no exception. Without these systems coupled with a drive system, a CNC router would be of little use.

The LM system is responsible for three primary tasks.

1) Support Machine Components
2) Guide the machine in a precise linear motion with minimal friction
3) Support secondary loads (Torque, Lateral Loads, etc)

A LM system is composed of some type of linear bearing and the linear bearing guides. There are a number of types of bearings and guides, each with advantages and disadvantages. Because of the importance of this system, it is vital for a buyer a builder to be knowledgeable about the LM components.
Source : http://www.cncroutersource.com/linear-motion.html